不同炭基肥对青椒生长、品质和氮素农学利用率的影响

Effects of Different Biochar Fertilizer on Growth, Quality and Agronomic N Use Efficiency of Green Pepper

将生物质炭与化肥混合制得生物质炭基肥进行田间试验,比较炭基肥对青椒生长、品质和氮素农学利用率的影响及不同原料生物质炭基的肥效差异。选取小麦秸秆炭、稻壳炭和花生壳炭为炭基制得炭基肥(养分为37%,N-P2O5-K2O:18-9-10),以普通复合肥(养分为45%,N-P2O5-K2O:15-15-15)为对照。结果表明,与普通复合肥相比,小麦秸秆炭基肥处理使青椒氮素农学利用率显著提高24.98 kg kg-1,根长提高10.9%,地上部生物量提高32.8%,VC含量提高51.3%;稻壳炭基肥和花生壳炭基肥处理使青椒VC含量提高69.5%和62.4%,使可溶性蛋白质含量均提高64.7%。此外,施用小麦秸秆炭基肥在总养分含量较普通复合肥减少8%的情况下,青椒产量显著提高13.3%,单果鲜重显著提高33.7%。而稻壳炭肥和花生壳炭肥对青椒产量影响不显著。因此,以小麦秸秆炭肥增产效果最好,而花生壳炭肥和稻壳炭肥在提升品质方面更佳。

A field experiment was employed to investigate the effect of various biochar fertilizers on pepper growth, quality, agronomic N use efficiency and the differences between bioehar fertilizers. Incorporation of different biochar materials with common fertilizer got biochar fertilizer. Selected wheat straw, rice husk and peanut husk biochar as fertilizer carrier obtained biochar fertilizer （total nutrient content of 37%, N-P2Os-K20 ratio of 18-9-10）, a compound fertilizer （total nutrient content of 45%, N-P2Os-K20 of 15-15-15） as control. The results showed that compared to compound fertilizer, wheat straw biochar fertilizer treatment significantly increased the green peppers nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 24.98 kg kg-1, increased root length by 10.9%, increased aboveground biomass amount by 32.8% and VC content by 51.3%. Rice husk biochar fertilizer and peanut hust biochar fertilizer treatments significantly increased the VC content by 69.5% and 62.4%, respectively, meanwhile increased the soluble protein content by 64.7%. In addition, the results showed that application of wheat straw biochar significantly increased yield by 13.3% and the average fruit fresh weight by 33.7% of the green pepper, though the total nutrient content of WBCF was lower than CF by 8%. Rice husk biochar fertilizer and peanut hust biochar fertilizer on green pepper production were not significant. Therefore, wheat straw biochar fertilizer for increasing yield was the best, peanut hust biochar fertilizer and rice husk biochar fertilizer better to improve green pepper quality.