分子标记辅助选育香型巨胚水稻

Development of aromatic giant-embryo rice by molecular marker-assisted selection

香型稻米因其在蒸煮和食用时都会有特殊的香味受到人们的喜爱.研究中,分别以实验室培育的香型正常胚水稻和非香巨胚水稻"上师大5号"作为亲本进行杂交,结合水稻香味基因分子标记辅助常规育种成功选育出香型巨胚水稻"上师大8号".比较分析"上师大5号"和"上师大8号"两种巨胚水稻主要农艺性状和产量性状.结果显示:虽然"上师大5号"水稻平均每穗实粒数极显著地超过"上师大8号"水稻,但是"上师大8号"有效穗数略多于"上师大5号"水稻,而且千粒重也略高于"上师大5号"水稻,由此两者平均单株重接近,分别为29.10 g和28.92 g,统计分析差异不显著.两种巨胚水稻胚性状分析显示:"上师大8号"巨胚水稻的胚重量以及胚体积都与"上师大5号"巨胚水稻统计分析无显著差异,而且两种巨胚水稻的胚与糙米重量比以及胚与糙米体积比,统计分析都没有显著差异.开展此研究,为今后香型巨胚水稻的市场开发应用奠定了重要基础.

Aromatic rice is loved for its distinctive aroma when cooking and eating. In this research, aromatic normal-embryo rice and non-aromatic giant-embryo rice,＂ Shangshida No. 5＂ , both bred by our laboratory, were selected as the parents for the hybrid- ization. We used conventional breeding techniques as well as fragrance gene marker-assisted selection to derive new aromatic gi- ant-embryo rice ＂Shangshida No. 8＂. By comparing the agronomic and yield characters of ＂ Shangshida No. 5＂ and ＂ Shangshida No. 8＂ ,the average of filled grains per panicle of ＂ Shangshida No. 5＂ exceeds ＂ Shangshida No. 8＂ very significantly, while the average of effective panicles of ＂ Shangshida No. 8＂ is slightly more than ＂ Shangshida No. 5 ＂. Also, in the weight of thousand grains ＂Shangshida No. 8＂ is slightly heavier than ＂Shangshida No. 5＂. Thus,their grain weights per plant are close ,29.10 g and 28.92 g respectively. By comparing the traits of rice embryo, there is no significant difference in embryo weight and volume. Also, there is no significant difference in weight ratio and volume ratio of embryo. This research has laid a solid foundation for further market development and application of aromatic giant-embryo rice.