隆德县玉米全膜双垄覆盖沟播栽培技术效应研究

Effectiveness of Double Ridge Mulching and Furrow Sowing Cultivation Technique in Longde County

针对宁夏南部山区旱作农业区农业生产中水资源不足、春夏干旱突出，设计玉米秋季全膜双垄覆盖、秋季半膜覆盖、早春全膜双垄覆盖、早春半膜覆盖、播期全膜双垄覆盖、播期常规半膜覆盖6种覆膜方式，对其水分效应、温度效应和经济效益进行了对比。结果表明，6种不同覆膜方式中，以秋季全膜双垄覆盖的效果最好，早春全膜双垄覆盖次之。秋季全膜双垄覆盖在玉米播种期和出苗期0—20cm土壤含水量比播期常规半膜覆盖分别高4．7和3．3个百分点；在玉米每个生育期，特别是玉米生育前期全膜覆盖较半膜覆盖有较好的增温作用，尤其以秋季全膜双垄覆盖最为显著。由于全膜双垄覆盖水分、温度效应明显好于半膜平覆，增产效果显著。秋季全膜双垄覆盖、早春全膜双垄覆盖、播期全膜双垄覆盖分别较播期常规半膜覆盖增产56．71％、36．29％、31．29‰

Due to inadequate water resources and prominent spring and summer drought during agricultural production in rainfed agricultural areas in southern mountain area of Ningxia, six mulching methods of corn, autumn double ridge mulching, autumn semi-mulching, early spring double ridge mulching, early spring semi-mulching, double ridge mulching in sowing date, conventional semi-mulching in sowing date, were set in the test, and their moisture effects, temperature effects and economic benefits were compared. The results showed that among six different mulching methods, autumn double ridge, mulching had the best effort, followed by early spring double ridge mulching. The soil moisture contents in the depth of 0-20 cm during sowing and seedling periods under autumn double ridge mulching were 4.7% and 3.3% higher than that under conventional semi-mulching in sowing date, respectively; mulching had better warming effect than semi-mulching in each growth period of corn, especially in the early growth stage of corn, and the effect of autumn double ridge mulching was the most significant. Since the moisture and temperature effect of double ridge mulching was significantly better than semi-mulching, the yield increase effect was significant. The yields under autumn double ridge mulching, early spring double ridge mulching and double ridge mulching in sowing date were increased by 56.71%, 36.29% and 31.29% than that under conventional semi-mulching in sowing date, respectively.