舒城地区油茶含油率及果实经济性状比较

Comparison of oil rate and fruit economic characters of Camellia oleifera in Shucheng County

为探索油茶品种含油率及其与果实经济性状间的相关性,给油茶品系的选育提供一定的理论依据,以舒城地区7个品种的油茶为对象,进行了含油率及果实经济性状的研究。结果表明:油茶的仁油率为30.13%～53.89%,干籽含油率在2.72%～20.56%之间,不同品种油茶的含油率差异较大;不同品种的果实质量及籽质量有较大的差异,果形指数差异较小。油茶含油率与主要经济性状的相关性分析结果表明,与仁油率呈显著正相关的有干籽率、干籽含油率,种仁含水率与之呈显著负相关;与干籽含油率呈显著正相关的有干籽率、出仁率、仁油率、鲜果含油率,种仁含水率与之呈显著负相关。因此,在今后选育生产中,可以主要通过选择干籽率高、含水率低的品种来提高含油率。

In order to explore correlation of oil rate and fruit economic characters of different cultivars of Camellia oleifera, and provide a theoretical basis for breeding C. oleifera, taking seven cultivars of C. oleifera in Shucheng County as the research objects. The results show that oil rate of kernel is from 30.13% to 53.89%, oil rate of dry seed is from 2.72% to 20.56%, and there are significant differences among oil rate of the different varieties of C. oleifera. Great differences exist in fruit mass and seed mass among different varieties, but little differences in fruit shape index. The correlation between oil rate and fruit economic characters was analyzed. Oil rate of kernel is significantly positively correlated to dry seed rate and oil rate of dry seed, but significantly negatively correlated to water rate of kernel. Oil rate of dry seed is significantly positively correlated to dry seed rate, kernel rate, oil rate in seed-kernel and oil rate of fresh fruit, but significantly negatively correlated to water rate of kernel. Therefore, oil rate can be increased by mainly selecting the cultivars with high dry seed rate and low water rate in the future breeding and production.