山核桃本砧嫁接技术

Grafting techniques of self-specie stock in Carya cathayensis

为了提高山核桃本砧嫁接的保存率,自2003年开始,进行了3 a的山核桃本砧嫁接试验,并进行了多年的跟踪观测,调查嫁接苗保存情况及嫁接苗夭折的原因。研究结果表明,砧木断面早期不能正常愈合并不断向下枯死是造成嫁接苗夭折的原因。针对上述原因,在"建造地窖,贮藏接穗;砧木移栽,断根放水,搭建大棚,增温保湿"的技术基础上,改传统的断砧切接、腹接为留砧腹接,并在6月下旬～7月上旬生长旺盛季节时剪除砧木,缩短断面愈合时间,使苗木剪砧后短时间内形成愈伤组织,断面即开始愈合,不再向下枯死。嫁接苗当年出圃率(出圃数与嫁接数的比值)从试验开始时的11.3%提高到87.4%。造林4 a后调查,砧木断面全部愈合,保存率达85%以上。造林6～7 a后,开始正常挂果,目前未发现砧穗不亲和现象。

In order to enhance preservation rate of self-specie stock grafting in Carya cathayens＆, a series of grafting experiments of self-specie stock had been made since 2003 for three continuous years and observed for several years, and preservation situation of grafted seedlings and the cause of grafting seedling death were investigated. The results show that the cause of grafting seedling death is that the root stock section can＇t heal normally in the early stage, and the downward section withers constantly. In view of the above reason, based on the techniques of building a cellar for storing scions, transplanting stocks, watering and cutting roots, building a canopy, warming and moisturizing, the traditional method of cutting grafting and belly grafting of cut stocks is changed to belly grafting of retained stocks. And the stock is wiped out during the late June and the early July at the stage of vigorous growth so as to shorten healing time of the cross section and make callus form after a few days. When the cross section begins to heal and stop wither. The qualified seedling rate, which is the ratio of the qualified seedling number to the grafted seedlings number, is increased from 11.3% at the beginning of the test to 87.4%. After four years of finishing afforestation, the results of investigation show that all of the stock cross sections had healed and the preserving rate was more than 85%. After six or seven years, the grafted seedlings became to bear fruit, and no rootstock and scion incompatible phenomenon hasn＇t been found so far.