一种电动车用电机驱动控制器的设计

Design of Electric Vehicle Drive Controller

介绍了一种电机驱动控制器的设计方案．该控制器控制对象为功率在1～5kW范围内的无刷电动机，适用于多种中型电动车的驱动控制．与采用传统的直流电机或异步电机驱动控制器相比，本驱动控制器采用无刷电机作为驱动电机，具有能流密度高、使用寿命长、调速范围宽、维护成本低等优点．驱动控制器采用正弦波空间矢量控制（SVPWM）策略，既保留有同步电机矢量控制策略的动力性能好、转矩脉动低等优点，又省略了矢量控制所必须需的转子编码器，因而控制方式更为简洁、可靠，且成本低．驱动控制器以Microchip公司的DSPIC33FJ32MC204控制芯片作为控制核心，使用大功率MOSFET作为开关管，分立式驱动电路驱动，具有驱动信号硬件互锁、过流、欠压、过压、过热等多重保护功能．

The paper introduces a design scheme of a motor drive controller, which is applied to the power in the range of 1-5kW BLDC. It is suitable for driving control of medium-sized electric vehicles. Compared with traditional drive controller of dc motor or asynchronous motor, the drive controller of BLDC features high energy density, long service life, wide speed range and low maintenance cost. By adopting SVPWM strategy, it not only retains the advantages of good dynamic performance, low torque ripple of synchronous motor vector control, but also eliminates the rotor encoder, making it simpler, more reliable and cost-effective. The controller adopts the Microchip Company＇s DSPIC33FJ32MC204 chip as the control core, uses high power MOSFET as switch and split vertical drive circuit, taking on precaution functions against interlock, overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage and overheating of signal hardware.