大型原油商业储备油库火灾危险性数值模拟分析

Numerical simulation on fire hazard of large commercial crude oil reserve depot

石油储备油库多向大型化、复杂化方向发展,发生事故时扑救非常困难。为了深入探讨巨型油罐火灾发展趋势与规律、事故危害后果,结合宁夏惠安堡原油商业储备油库这一工程实例,采用基于大涡模拟的FDS模型作为模拟计算平台,对巨型油罐火灾的燃烧过程进行数值模拟计算。通过分析计算,得到烟气分布、温度分布、热辐射强度分布等火灾过程参数的变化趋势,以及在有风和无风状态下着火罐对相邻油罐的影响,探讨现行建设工程消防技术标准就储罐防火间距、火灾时对邻近罐体冷却设计要求运用于巨型储油罐时的消防安全状况,为巨型储油罐消防安全科学合理设计提供理论依据。

The crude oil reserve depot is tending to be large and complex, and the fire fighting is quite difficult. In order to deeply discuss the development trend, principles and consequence of fire accident for huge oil storage tank, combi- ning with the practical engineering case of Huianpu commercial crude oil reserve depot in Ningxia, by applying FDS model based on large eddy simulation as calculation platform, the numerical simulation on combustion process of huge oil storage tank fire was performed. The change trends of fire process parameters, such as smoke distribution, temperature distribution and thermal radiation intensity, were obtained, as we｜l as the influence of flaming tank on adjacent tanks under windy and windless conditions. The fire protection safety status when applying the design re- quirements in the existing technical standards on fire control of construction engineering, such as fire separation dis- tance of tank and cooling adjacent tanks during fire process, on the huge oil storage tank was discussed, which can provide theoretical foundation to the scientific and reasonable design on fire protection safety of huge oil storage tank.