论林冲的悲剧——兼及《水浒传》接受史的一个重要问题

The Tragedy of Lin Chong and an Important Question in the Reception History of Outlaws of the Marsh

《水浒传》"逼上梁山"之前的林冲故事,着力塑造了一个平民化的林冲形象。经过"风雪山神庙",林冲才完成了从平民到英雄的人生捩变。从平民悲剧到英雄悲剧,林冲是一百零八人中唯一有性格发展史的英雄。林冲平民化性格的成因,在于宋元社会平民社会之性质,《水浒传》乃宋元市民文艺之成果。而平民化是宋元社会民众的常态,也是梁山好汉的常态。这种理解关系到《水浒传》人物形象乃至小说基本性质,涉及《水浒传》接受史的重要问题。

After going to Liang Shah and the battle in the Mountain-god Temple, Lin Chong shifted from a civilian to a hero, entailing the development of his character. His civilian character was the result of the nature of a civilian society in the Song and Yuan dynasties. The same is true of other Liang Shan heroes. This understanding is an important aspect in the history of receiving Outlaws of the Marsh.