中国儿童生长发育现状和趋势分析

Current situation and trend of child growth in China

依据 1 990～ 1 998年营养监测数据 ,分析了 1 998年我国 5岁以下儿童生长发育情况和 1 990～ 1 998年我国儿童生长发育的变化趋势 ,并分析了影响儿童生长发育的相关因素的变化。结果表明 ,1 990～ 1 998年间 ,我国儿童的低体重患病率城市由 8.0 %降为 2 .7% ,农村由 2 2 .0 %降为 1 2 .6% ;生长迟缓患病率城市由 9.4%降为 4.1 % ,农村由 41 .4%降为 2 2 .0 %。1 990～ 1 995年 ,儿童体重增长较快 ,身高没有同速增长 ;而 1 995～ 1 998年 ,儿童身高则出现加速的增长。与营养不良患病率有关的因素 :腹泻、安全饮水、母乳喂养率、母亲文化程度、家庭膳食等因素在这几年改善也非常明显。通过对 1 998年不同月龄儿童生长发育状况的分析 ,提出目前改善儿童营养关键是年龄段 6～ 1 8个月的儿童 ,应将辅食添加与母乳喂养放在同等重要位置。以进一步降低我国城乡儿童营养不良患病率。

Data of Food and Nutrition Surveillance in 1990, 1995 and 1998 was analyzed; it indicated the evident improvement of weight and height of children under 5 in the past eight years. The prevalence of underweight were reduced from 8 0% in 1990 to 2 7% in 1998 in the urban, and in the rural, the prevalence were 22 0% and 12 6% respectively. The reduction of prevalence of stunting in the urban decreased from 9 4% to 4 1%, and in the rural from 41 4% to 22 0% in the same period. During 1990—1995, weight of children under 5 went up evidently, but linear growth improvement was very slow and did not match the weigh gain. Height of children increased in a higher speed during 1995—1998 Height and weigh of age groups indicated that 6—18 month was the critical period for prevention of malnutrition of children under 5 The paper further analyzed the favorable changes of the attributable factors of malnutrition, such as diarrhea, safe drinking water, breastfeeding, education level of mothers, household diet and income during this period. The conclusion is the remarkable nutrition improvement of children under 5 in 1990s is the consequence of the rapid socio economic development of China.