附子的化学和生物活性研究进展

Advances in Studies on Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Aconitum carmichaeli

通过系统查阅附子近40年化学成分和药理作用研究研究文献,对其现代研究进行了综述。分析结果显示附子主要含有生物碱类成分,其中以乌头碱(aconitine)骨架的C-19型二萜生物碱为主,其次为具有海替生碱(hetisan)、维替碱(veatchine)、纳哌啉(napelline)、光翠雀碱(denudatine)等骨架的C-20型二萜生物碱;除生物碱外,附子还含有黄酮、皂苷、多糖、脂肪酸等其他成分。附子的生物活性主要表现为强心、降压、镇痛、抗炎、增强免疫、杀虫、降血糖及毒性等作用。附子现代研究尽管取得了巨大进展,但在阐明其传统药效作用及机制方面,仍存在诸多问题,仍需要进行深入研究。

In this article,the research on chemical constituents and bioactivities of plants from Aconitum carmichaeli in recent years has been reviewed. A systematic literature survey was conducted to classify and summarize chemical compositions of A. carmichaeli,and sum up current studies on the main pharmacological activities. The main constituents of this plant are alkaloid, among which C-19 diterpenoid alkaloids are the leading compounds with aconitine-type skeleton,followed by C-20 diterpenoid alkaloids, with such types skeleton as hetisan, veatchine, napelline and denudatine. Besides,A. carmichaeli also contains flavonoid,saponin,polysaccharide,fatty acid,et al. According to the modern pharmacological research,these compounds or plant extracts have an important role on the cardiovascular system,nervous system,immune system,metabolism, etc., and its biological activities are mainly manifested in cardioactive,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,insecticidal,hpyerglycemic activities.