市场化能改善环境约束下的能源效率吗——基于2000～2010年省际面板数据的经验研究

Can Marketization Improve Energy Efficiency under Environmental Constraint——Based on Provincial Panel Data During 2000～2010

基于中国30个省(市、区)2000～2010年的面板数据,将工业废气作为生产的非合意产出,运用超效率DEA模型测算了省际全要素能源效率,然后检验了市场化对地区能源效率的影响。研究表明:在样本期内,无论是否考虑环境约束,总体上我国的全要素能源效率都有显著提升,技术进步对能源效率的贡献偏低;省际能源效率呈"东-中-西"梯次递减,中部与西部的能源效率差距在逐渐缩小,省际能源效率收敛趋势明显;运用系统GMM方法处理内生性后的结果表明,市场化至少能显著改善能源效率0.6%;在其他条件不变的情况下,保持较高的初始能源效率、提升能源价格、降低固定资产投资占GDP比重及优化能源消费结构对能源效率的提升都有积极意义。

Using panel data of 30 Chinese provinces during 2000-2010, this paper employs super-efficiency DEA method and considers exhaust gas emission as undesirable outputs to measure the total factor energy efficiency of each province. Then we empiri- cally examine the effect of regional marketization on total factor energy efficiency. The major conclusions are as followers： during the sample period, whether environmental constraint is controlled, it has significant improvement in China, but the contribution of techno- logical progress to efficiency is relatively low. Form the regional angle, the efficiency of eastern region is the highest, followed by cen- tre region and western region in order. But inter-provincial energy efficiency exists significant convergence tend. Using the sys-GMM method to deal with the endogeneity, we find that marketization can at least improve energy efficiency by 0.6%. With other conditions remaining unchanged, higher initial energy efficiency, raising energy prices, reducing investment in fixed assets and optimizing energy consumption structure have significant positive effect on energy efficiency.