基于生境质量和生态响应的莱州湾生态环境质量评价

The eco-environmental evaluation based on habitat quality and ecological response of Laizhou Bay

莱州湾沿岸海域未来10a是山东省集约用海规划的重要区域。为了降低和减少用海工程对海洋生态系统可能产生的不利影响,确定集约用海适宜规模和科学选址,应用已构建的集约用海对海洋生态影响评价指标体系和方法,从生境质量和生态响应两方面对莱州湾2004年至2012年的生态环境质量状况进行了评价。结果表明:位于莱州湾西部和南部近岸海域的Ⅰ区和Ⅳ区生态环境质量达到"差"的等级,生境质量总体上处于轻度到中度污染水平,水质和生物质量污染较严重,生态受到中度到严重扰动,其中浮游植物和浮游动物密度偏离标准值较大,大型底栖生物密度和生物量总体偏离标准值不大,但其物种组成已发生了明显变化,鱼卵和仔鱼数量急剧下降。在这两个区域要严格控制集约用海工程规模和新的污染排放,密切关注其对海洋生态的影响。位于莱州湾中部和东部的Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区生态环境质量接近"一般"等级,生境质量总体上处于轻度污染水平,水质受到一定程度污染,生态处于中度扰动状况。总体上,2011年和2012年莱州湾生态环境质量综合指数E值明显高于其他年份,生态环境有明显好转趋势。

In the comi Province. In order to ng decade, Laizhou Bay coastal areas will be the important areas of the intensive sea-use in Shandong reduce and minimize the possible adverse impacts imposed by marine engineerings on the marine ecosystems and to determine the appropriate scales and sites of the intensive sea-use projects, the eco-environmental quality from 2004 to 2012 is evaluated based on habitat quality and ecological response using the constructed index system and method of marine ecological impact assessment in the present study. The result showed that the eco-environmental quality of the region I and IV in the western and southern offshore areas of Laizhou Bay was poor. Habitat Quality Composite Index （HQI） evaluation suggested that these two regions were generally in mild to moderate pollution level, and the water quality and marine biological quality were more seriously polluted. It is clear that the inorganic nitrogen and oils greatly impacted on water quality, while the heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons greatly impacted on the biological quality, which wereanalyzed using the single-factor contribution rate of the water quality comprehensive index. The results of Ecological Response Composite Index （ERI） evaluation indicated that the ecology of the two regions were moderately or severely disturbed, and the density value of the phytoplankton and zooplankton greatly deviated from the standard value, while the biological density and the biomass of the macrobenthos less deviated from the standard value. However, the species composition has been significantly changed, and the number of the fish eggs and prelarva has drastically declined. The main reason for poor eco-environmental quality in [ and 1V regions is the Yellow River and the Xiaoqing River, which are the primary pollution source of Laizhou Bay. The estuaries of these two rivers are located in Region I , and much freshwater input resulted in the settlement and retention of various pollutants carried in runoff in western coast of Laizhou Bay. Region IV, located in the south of Laizhou Bay, is the estuary of the Mi River, Yu River and Wei River, and is impacted by the southwest Xiaoqing River estuary by the a alongshore current. Additionally, the two regions were also affected by the coastal agricultural non-point source and the pollutant emissions of the aquaculture. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the scale of the intensive sea-use projects and the new pollutant emissions in Region I and IV in Laizhou Bay, and to pay close attention to their impact on the marine environment. The eco-environmental quality of Region 11 and 111, located in the central and east of Laizhou Bay respectively, was close to the normal level. The habitat quality was at the light pollution level in general, the water was polluted to some extent, and the ecology was moderately disturbed. Overall, the eco- environmental comprehensive index value （E） of Laizhou Bay from 2011 to 2012, was obviously higher than those of other years, and the ecological environment was likely to obviously improve.