1985年以来黄河三角洲孤东海岸演变与生态损益分析

Analysis of the evolution and value of coastal ecosystem services at Gudong Coast in the Yellow River Delta since 1985

研究围填海前后的海岸带生态系统服务价值变化对促进海域管理和海洋资源可持续发展具有重要意义。以黄河三角洲孤东海岸为例,依据1985—2005年该地区剖面地形实测资料以及利津水文站的水沙资料,利用海岸地形演变方法对冲淤数据进行了处理,并结合生态系统服务价值理论方法,分析了围填海前后的生态系统服务价值变化。结果表明:孤东海岸剖面表现为严重侵蚀下切,其中海洋作用占主导地位。根据冲淤演变结论,孤东海域可被分为堤内区、堤根区、堤前区和远岸区,1985—2005年各区生态系统服务价值变化情况表明,孤东海域围堤后生态系统服务价值损失巨大,并且随建堤时间增长而日益增大,而丁坝的修建可以有效改善沉积环境,减少生态损失。

Globally, coastal ecosystems are among the most intensively used and threatened natural systems which is acting on numerous critical benefits （i.e. ecosystem services ） that are of great importance to the Earth＇s life-support system. Therefore, valuing the ecosystem services before and after sea reclamation is crucial to marine management and the sustainable development of marine sources. In this study, based on the observed and collected data of subaqueous bedforms, sediments and hydrodynamics from 1985 to 2005, we analyzed coastal evolution and valued ecosystem services at Gudong Coast in the Yellow River Delta after the building of Gudong seawall in 1985, using ecological and dynamical geomorphology method. The results showed that the north coasts of Gudong had suffered from serious erosion because of dominated marine condition while the south coasts of Gudong controlled by water and sediments discharged from the Yellow River estuary. Gudong coasts were thus divided into four areas ： back area of the levee, root area of the levee, infront area of the levee and outer sea area of the levee. It is demonstrated that the value loss of coastal ecosystem services at Gudong coasts during1955--2005 was huge and would be larger in the future according to the loss appraisal of ecosystem services. Whereas, the groins could improve sedimentary environment at Gudong coasts and then reduce the loss of ecosystem services effectively.