孔子的语用观点和语用艺术

On Confucius' Pragmatic Views and Arts

《论语》保存了孔子的许多话语资料。孔子直接论述语用的话语资料体现了孔子的语用观点:言辞足以表达意思、说话应该忠信、说话不能太机械、说话要看对象、说话要看环境、说话要符合礼制。孔子的话语表现出高超的语用艺术,堪称语用的典范。孔子的语用艺术主要表现在适时进行语码转换、运用鲜活的词语、运用多种多样的修辞方式。

A large amount of utterances by Confucius are kept in Analects. Such materials directly deal with the use of language and have displayed his pragmatic views： words clear enough to express one＇ s thoughts, utterance on the basis of faithfulness, avoiding mechanic talk, aiming at correct subject, talking in correct context and in accordance with rite. His ut- terances show his high pragmatic art, and can be considered as the pragmatic models. His pragmatic art is mainly shown in the code switch at proper time, employment of vivid words and a variety of rhetorical devices.