上海市儿童少年饮水量及其影响因素分析

Water intake and its influencing factors of children and adolescents in Shanghai

目的调查上海市儿童少年每天饮水量及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取上海市2个区县8～17岁儿童少年1454名，对连续7天的每日每次饮水量进行估计，并记录每次饮水量和种类，饮水总量为白水、饮料的饮用之和。结果调查对象饮水总量的中位数为1014ml／d，白水和饮料的中位数分别为580、339ml／d。饮水总量、白水及饮料摄入量均呈男性高于女性、城区高于郊区、随年龄增加而增多的趋势，肥胖者饮水总量高于非肥胖者，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论上海市儿童少年饮水总量偏少。在制定适宜饮水量时应考虑性别、年龄、BMI及区域的综合效应。

Objective To describe the total drinking water intake and its influencing factors among children and adolescents in Shanghai, and to accumulate basis for developing adequate water intakes for children and adolescents in China. Methods A total of 1454 children and adolescents aged 8 - 17 years from two districts of Shanghai was selected by using stratified random sampling method. The information on amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects for seven consecutive days using a quantitative measurement. Total drinking water was the sum of plain water and beverages. Results The median of total drinking water of subjects was 1014 ml/d, and the median of plain water and beverages was 580 and 339 ml/d, respectively. The consumption of total drinking water, plain water, and beverages in boys was significantly higher than that in girls, was increasing with aging and in urban was significantly higher than that in suburbs（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The obese drank more beverages （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The total drinking water of children and adolescents in Shanghai was less. To establish adequate intake of water, the comprehensive effect of gender, age, BMI and region when should be considered.