城镇化进程中农地承包经营权退出机制构建

Exit Mechanism for Rural Land Contracting and Management Rights in Urbanization Process

建立农地承包经营权退出机制,是我国城镇化进程中农村土地制度改革的重要内容。随着城镇化、工业化的快速发展,农村劳动力向城镇非农转移,农民群体逐渐分化,农民分化导致农民在土地产权认知、流转意愿、养老保障需求等方面产生巨大的差异,建立农地承包经营权退出机制、引导部分有条件的农户从农村有序退出成为我国城镇化健康发展的必然要求。农地承包经营权是农民作为农村集体经济组织成员而享有,它不仅仅是单纯的经济权力,更与成员身份紧密结合的社会保障权。建立农地承包经营权退出机制需要保障农民的自由选择权和土地权益的实现,重点是建立多样化的退出模式、经济补偿机制、社会保障机制和引力机制。

Establishment of exit mechanism for rural land contracting rights is an important content of the rural land system reform in the rapid urabanization process. With the rapid development of urbanization and industriali- zation, the rural labor force transfer to non-agricultural towns, the farmer groups gradually differentiate, farmers differentiation brings great difference to the farmersqand property right cognition, circulation willings, old-age se- curity need and ect. Establishment of exit mechanism for rural land contracting rights guides part conditional farm- ers exit orderly from the countryside, which is the inevitable trend to accelerate health development of urbaniza- tion. Rural land contracting rights are enjoyed by farmers as rural collective economic organization members, which is not only a simple economic power, but also mainly a social security power. Establishment of exit mechanism for rural land contracting rights shuld focus on establishing diversified exit modes, economic compensation mechanism, social guarantee mechanism and gravity mechanism. The premise of such institutional innovation should be the fully protection of the farmers＇ freedom of choice and land rights.