农地规模调适下农户营粮行为及效率研究——基于对中部主产区1861个农户的问卷调查

Study on the Behavior and Efficiency of Rural Households in View of Their Grain Planting Area Being Adjusted——Based on a Survey on Five Central Provinces

运用中部粮食主产区1 861农户的追叙调查,动态分析了农地规模调适下不同类型农户的营粮行为及效率。结果表明:中部粮食主产区营粮农户的分布呈现以维稳户为主体而扩张户较少的偏正态分布;扩张户家庭人口规模、劳动力数及其平均受教育年限均高于缩减户与维稳户的平均水平;与此相对应,扩张户呈现总量投入高,单位土地面积上的资金与劳动力投入低,农业产出总量高的特征;从综合效率来看,扩张户与维稳户粮作经营的效率较高,而缩减户则较差,这并非主要缘于各类型户之间纯技术效率差异,而是取决于其间规模效率损失趋异。因而,优化农户营粮行为及提升其效率,保障国家粮食安全,需要从规模化、集约化、组织化上寻求突破。

The data collected in a survey to 1861 rural households were used to study the behavior and efficien- cy of rural households in view of their grain planting area being adjusted. The results suggest： the distribution of central main grain-producing area is a partial normal distribution with the stabilizing households as the mainstay while the number of enlarging households is small. The number of family members, the amount of labor force, and the average years of education in enlarging households are higher than those in reducing and stabilizing house- holds in average. On the corresponding, the character of enlarging households is that： the total input is high, the capital and labor input per unit area of land is low, the agricultural production is high, the productivity by unit of land and capital is low, and the labor productivity is high and so on. Being judged by its overall efficiency, the effi- ciency of enlarging and stabilizing households is higher than reducing households＇, it is not mainly owing to their difference in pure technological efficiency, but due to their difference in scale efficiency. Therefore, it needs to seek a breakthrough on scale management, intensive management and systematization to improve the behavior and effi- ciency of rural households, also to ensure China＇s national grain safety.