美国救灾捐赠工作规程初探——以俄勒冈州为例

The Working Procedures of U. S. Donations for Disaster Relief——Take Oregon as a Case Study

通过查阅美国FEMA志愿者管理条例及俄勒冈州救灾捐赠工作的系列法律、政策,对美国救灾捐赠工作的具体程序、各方角色进行了介绍,总结了美国救灾捐赠的主要特点为:美国救灾捐赠作为公益慈善的一部分,已经形成了一种社会化、制度化的长效机制。救灾捐赠工作由各个民间志愿者组织开展完成,这些组织之间的协调工作由VOAD完成。美国各级政府,主要是提供信息发布平台,参与救灾捐赠的一些辅助决策、协调工作。

Based on FEMA Volunteers Control Regulations and Oregon Laws of American and policies of donations for disaster relief,the specific procedures of donation operations and the roles of governments and volunteer organizations involved are introduced. Main features of U. S. disasterinduced donations are concluded as follows. First,donation effort for disaster relief is part of the charity,which has formed a socialized,institutionalized longterm mechanism. Second,donation operations for disaster relief work are carried out by the various nonprofit volunteer organizations,and the coordination among these organizations is ensured by VOAD. Third,different levels of U. S. governments mainly provide donation information releasing platform,participate in the decisionmaking of donation efforts,and sustain the communication linkage between government agencies and volunteer organizations.