自贸区:中国开放型经济“第二季”

Free Trade Pilot Zone:Second Season of China's Opening Economy

上海自贸区有助于实现中国开放型经济的三个转变:一是国际经济从"多边开放"和"双边开放"转向"单边开放",实现从产品市场开放走向要素市场开放;二是政府管理从"正面清单"转向"负面清单",实现从内部"分权"改革走向"减权"改革;三是从参与制造业产品内国际分工转向攀升全球价值链高端,实现从制造业全球化走向服务业全球化。但自贸区形式的开放在推动经济转型的同时,也会因触及利益集团而面临诸多阻力,单边开放也可能带来新的风险而影响经济环境的稳定。因此,自贸区能否切实启动中国开放型经济"第二季",关键在于自贸区能否与中国经济高端发展之间形成良性互动。为此,需要转换政府职能,完善自贸区软硬件基础,扎实稳步推进更多自贸区发展。上海自贸区改革模式向全国的复制,既可以从行业层面向全国铺开,实现行业内各市场主体公平竞争,并使其竞争压力和创新动力通过产业链向上下游行业传导,带动更多行业改革创新;也可以从区域层面,通过产业关联或功能互补形式与自贸区联动发展,推动周边地区改革创新,并使其竞争压力和创新动力通过国内价值链向其他地区传导,拉动其他地区企业和政府改革创新。

Abstract： Shanghai Free Trade Pilot Zone helps to realize three transformations in China＇s opening economy, i.e., from multilateral and bilateral opening to unilateral opening to realize an opening from product market to factor market, from interior ＂division of power＂ to ＂reduction of power＂, and from taking part in international division of manufacture to global value-chain through a global service industry. However, economic transformation in the form of FTPZ will meet much resistance from vested interest groups, and the unilateral opening may affect the stabilization of market environment because of new adventure. Only by a healthy mutual-function with China＇s high-end economic development, can the FTPZ actually start the ＂second stage＂ of an opening economy. So it is important to transfer government＇s functions, to improve the Zone＇s foundations, and steadily promote new developments.