“己”的二重性:社会结构与主体关系

The Duality of "Self" :Its Social Structure and Subjective Relations

学术界关于差序格局的探讨乃至争论不约而同地指向有关社会结构、主体关系并由此引发相应的价值判断,一方面说明兹事体大,另一方面则说明这一问题仍悬而未决。综观学界对差序格局概念的论述,我们不难发现亲属关系与非亲属关系的讨论,亲属制度与政治制度关系的讨论。因此,对亲属制度的分析就应当成为我们解决这一问题的起点。我们将源自殷周演变至今的制度设计及其理念称之为"礼制模式",它是亲属制度、权力分配和信仰的三位一体。在对"礼制模式"建构和分析的基础上,我们可以对差序格局的概念内涵给予全新的阐释并获取新的知识社会学的分析策略。理念型知识是社会结构的文化内核和根本依据;而策略型知识则是主体关系的直接成因和主要依据。两类知识统一于人的社会文化存在,并构成了"己"的系列二重性,堪称社会文化运行之深层动力。

Abstract： The academic discussion on the subjective relations, and thus leads to the concept of ＂pattern of differing order＂ refers to the social structure, corresponding value judgments. It means that the question raised by the concept is very important and not settled yet. I call it as a myth to be uncovered. The mixed debates need a systematic clearance by reviewing and analyzing the classic and latest theories of anthropology. After reviewed various explanations on the concept of ＂pattern of differing order＂, it＇s not hard to find that the debate include the distinction between kinship and non-kinship relationship, the relationship between kinship system and politics. So the kinship should be the starting point of research. I used the concept Etiquette Mode to explain the system design and its ideal derived from Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which is the trinity consisting of kinship, division of powers, and believes. The analysis of this mode helps us to reflect on the concept of ＂pattern of differing order＂ of its social and cultural connotations. Based on the construction and analysis of the concept of Etiquette Mode, we propose a new method of analysis of knowledge sociology. According to this perspective, the cultural core and fundamental of the social structure are faith-based knowledge.