中国城市居住空间的变迁及其内在逻辑

Residential Space Changing in Urban China and Its Inner Logic

改革开放以来中国城市居住空间变迁表现最为突出的是城市居住空间的分异形态及其内在机制的变化。计划经济时期由单位分割所形塑的城市空间的居住形态,开始向以人们社会经济地位差异为基础的居住分异演变,并且其趋势日益加强。从城市居住空间演变的微观机制上来看,住房及单位制改革等使得社会个体的迁居行为的自主性得以加强,而其居住的单位依赖性下降,跨越居住区的居住过滤因此日益频繁,并随房地产市场的发展而进一步强化。对宏观制度及其变革过程的分析则表明,改革之前城市居民的居住格局及其形成过程、住房及单位制改革本身等所产生的原有影响,由于改革的渐进性所导致的这些原有影响的持续作用和这些持续作用借助市场机制而发生的形变都是不可忽视的。面对城市居住空间变迁及其可能引发的社会问题,不能仅仅将视线落在日益扩张的房地产市场当中,而且应着眼于公共政策与市场之间的历时态和现时态的关系上。

Abstract： Residential space changing in urban China since reform and open up is characterized by the appearing of residential space differentiation and the trend of residential segregation. Urban residential space was shaped by the segmentation of different ＂Danwei＂ in the period of planned economy, but after housing reforming it becomes to be shaped by individual socioeconomic status. This phenomenon was caused by the increase of people＇s freedom to migrate between different residential areas, and the decreasing of relying on his/her ＂Danwei＂ on the micro-level. At the same time, macroscopic analysis shows that people＇s dwelling state and corresponding policies before housing reform, as well as the process of housing reforming and the changing of ＂Danwei＂ system have continuous influences on the changing of residential space, and these continuous influences on residential space are mixed with and hided by the effect housing market. In facing with the changing of the residential space in urban China and social problems may caused by it, not only should us highlight on the expanding housing market, but also should us focus on the relationship of public policies and the market between past and present.