不同灌溉方式对玉米生物量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Patterns on Biomass Components of Maize(Zea mays L.)

[目的]为了研究节水灌溉方式对玉米产量及构成的影响。[方法]2012年在武威荒漠生态与农业气象试验站设计了滴灌、喷灌、漫灌大田试验,并调查玉米整个生育期内的作物生长高度、叶面积指数、株子粒重等指标。[结果]滴灌条件下生物量高于喷灌和漫灌,拔节时差异最明显,滴灌比喷灌重48%、比漫灌重109%;滴灌叶面积指数最高,喷灌次之;在成熟期,滴灌、喷灌株高均较漫灌高22 cm;滴灌和喷灌百粒重分别重于漫灌11.88%、9.95%;滴灌、喷灌株子粒重分别重于漫灌24.8%、21.1%;滴灌理论产量大于喷灌22.59%,大于漫灌35.62%,喷灌大于漫灌10.63%;滴灌实际产量大于喷灌1.68%,大于漫灌6.52%,喷灌大于漫灌4.76%。[结论]3种灌溉技术条件下,滴灌效果最好,喷灌次之。

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the effects of water saving irrigation patterns on maize yield and its components. [ Method ] Three field trials of drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, flood irrigation were designed in Wuwei Desert Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station in 2012, and some indices, such as the plant height, leM area index, grains weight per plant, were investigated in the whole growth period of maize. [ Result ] The biomass of drip irrigation was higher than that of sprinkler irrigation and flood irrigation, and their difference was most obvious especially at jointing stage, that of drip irrigation was higher by 48% than that of sprinkler irrigation, and by 109% than that of flood irrigation; the leaf area index of drip irrigation was the highest, and the next was sprinkler irrigation; at the maturity stage, the plant height of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation was both higher by 22 cm than that of flood irrigation ; the 100-grain weight of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation was higher by 11.88%, 9.95% than that of flood irrigation ; the grains weight per plant of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation was higher by 24.8%, 21. 1% than that of flood irrigation; the theoretical yield of drip irrigation was higher by 22.59% than that of sprinkler irrigation, by 35.62% than that of flood irrigation, and that of sprinkler irrigation was higher by 10.63% than that of flood irrigation ; the actual yield of drip irrigation was higher by 1.68% than that of sprinkler irrigation, by 6.52% than that of flood ir- rigation, and that of sprinkler irrigation was higher by 4.76% than that of flood irrigation. [ Conclusion] Among the three irrigation patterns, the drip irrigation is the best, and the next is the sprinkler irrigation.