西北地区158例小儿泌尿系结石分析

Analysis of children urolithiasis in northwest region：158 cases

目的 分析西北地区158例小儿泌尿系结石的病因及发病特点,为小儿泌尿系结石的预防及治疗提供依据.方法 通过对兰州军区兰州总医院泌尿外科2010年3月～ 2013年3月收治的158例小儿结石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 男女结石比例约为1.7,结石部位主要位于上尿路,约占到89.2％.结石的主要成分为草酸钙结石,约占到68.4％.尿代谢异常的约为27.2％.结论 小儿结石的发生是多因素共同作用的结果,发病可无特殊表现.有家族性结石病史、泌尿系发育畸形、代谢紊乱、泌尿系感染、钙及维生素D摄入过量特别是配方奶粉喂食均能增加小儿患结石的风险.

Objectives Urolithiasis in children is not a very rare situation and the incidence has been increasing in recent years.The purpose of this paper was to investigate the clinical characteristics,metabolic and anatomic risk factors for urolithiasis.Methods The cases of 158 children（58girls,100boys）,who were referred to our department between 2010-3 and 2013-3 with urolithiasis,were evaluated.Metabolic disorders were recorded in 27.2％ of cases.Results Our study shows a male predominance of urolithiasis with a sex ratio of 1.7.Stones were located in the upper urinary tract in 89.2％ of cases.Calcium oxalate was the predominant constituent in 68.4 of stones.Conclusions Our results showed that urolithiasis in children may present nonspecific symptoms and may even be asymptomatic and that a positive family history for urolithiasis,urologic abnormalities,metabolic disorders,urinary tract infections,vitamin D administration and feeding with formula may increase the occurrence of urolithiasis in children.