胡塞尔的伦理学讲座与实践哲学和精神科学的观念

Husserl's Ethic Lectures and the Idea of Practical Philosophy and Spiritual Sciences

胡塞尔生前发表的伦理学讲演与著述极少,因而他很少被看作伦理学家。但他毕生所授伦理学课程却很多,并不少于他的逻辑学课程,从早期做私人讲师到后期担任讲座教授,在整个教学生涯中很少间断。他的讲座可以分为两个阶段:战前讲座与战后讲座。战前讲座深受布伦塔诺的影响,将伦理学与实践哲学批判结合在一起;战后讲座则是在狄尔泰的思路中前行,试图将伦理学放在精神科学的背景中展开。

Since Husserl has given and published,in respective fashion,few ethic lectures and relevant works in his life,he is hardly regarded as an ethicist. In his whole life,nevertheless,he has given ethic lessons no less than the logic and,during his whole teaching career from a private lecturer at the early stage to a professional one at the later stage,the lessons scarcely ceased. His lectures can be assorted into two phases: pre- war and post- war lectures. The pre- war lectures were deeply influenced by Brentano,combining ethics and practical philosophical criticisms; the post- war lectures,on the other hand,proceeded along Dilthey 's train of thought,intending to develop ethics in the context of spiritual sciences.