美国公立创业型大学的法人地位对我国的启示——基于公立创业型大学与州政府关系演变的视角

Enlightenment of the Legal Status of American Public Entrepreneurial Universities——Based on the Relationships Between American Public Universities and State Governments

在美国根据社团人数的多寡,将社团法人分为集体法人和独任法人,并以此为依据将公立大学的法人地位分为:政府机构、公共信托机构和宪法上自治的大学。但对于美国公立创业型大学的法律地位一直存在争议,通过梳理美国公立创业型大学与州政府关系的演进,得出美国公立创业型大学属于宪法上自治的大学。对于我国公立创业型大学,一方面应明确其行政法人地位并建立法人治理结构;另一方面,政府应对我国公立创业型大学实行放权管理,促进我国公立创业型大学资金来源的多元化。

In America, corporations are classified into aggregate corporations and sole corporations according to their staff numbers. On this basis, the legal status of public universities can be divided into government agency, public trust and constitutionally autonomous university. However, the legal status of public entrepreneurial universities remains a controversial issue. By sorting out the relationships between the American public entrepreneurial universities and the American state governments, this study finds that the American public entrepreneurial universities are autonomous universities. As to China＇s public entrepreneurial universities, on one hand, their legal status should be clarified and the administrative corporate governance structure should be established; on the other hand, the government should decentralize its administration so as to diversify the funding sources of China＇s public entrepreneurial universities.