南北贸易与技能偏向性技术进步——兼论中国进出口对前沿技术的影响

South-North Trade and Skill-biased Technological Change:An Interpretation of the Impact of Chinese Import and Export on Frontier Technology

文章通过理论模型和经验检验研究了发达国家向发展中国家进出口商品对技能偏向性技术进步的影响。理论研究表明,进口通过竞争效应促进技能偏向性技术进步。由于发展中国家缺乏产权保护,出口通过价格效应促进了技能偏向性技术进步。计量结果还表明,中国相对于发展中国家的进出口对技能偏向性技术进步的边际效应更大,进口相对于出口对技能偏向性技术进步的边际效应更大,南北贸易还提高了发达国家的全要素生产率。

This paper analyzes the impact of South-North trade and Chinese import and export on the skill-biased technological change of developed countries. The theoretical research suggests that import can spur skill-biased technological change through competition effect, while export can also spur skill-biased technological change through price effect because of the weak protection for property rights of developing countries. The paper provides an empirical support for this conclusion. It also finds that Chinese import and export trade relative to developing countries has a greater marginal effect on skill-biased technological change, while import relative to export has a greater marginal effect on skill- biased technological change. South-North trade has increased the Total Factor Productivity （TFP） of developed countries.