普通杏(Prunus armeniaca)种质资源数量性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis for the quantitative traits of common apricot(Prunus armeniaca)germplasm

【目的】种质资源的遗传多样性研究是资源工作的核心，了解和掌握种质资源资源多样性，对于资源收集、管理、发掘、利用方面具有重要意义。【方法】对219份普通杏种质资源的11个性状进行了相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】普通杏种质资源各性状变异系数的变幅为15．7％。42．2％，其中可溶性固形物含量的变异系数最小，平均单果质量的变异系数最大。相关性分析得出：平均单果质量与叶柄长度、叶片长度和叶片宽度呈极显著正相关；可溶性固形物含量与可溶性糖呈极显著正相关：维生素C含量与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关．与1a生枝粗度呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明：11个性状可以综合为4个主成分，前4个主成分累计贡献率达58．65％．第1主成分反映叶片因子，第2主成分反映枝条因子，第3、第4主成分反映的是品质因子。根据聚类分析把219份杏种质资源划分为6大类群：第1类种质群的主要特点是叶片较大：第Ⅱ类种质群的特点是果实品质性状较好．但是果实平均单果质量小；第Ⅲ类种质群的特点是果实平均单果质量大：第V类种质群的特点是果实品质好：第Ⅵ类种质群的特点是叶片较大且1a生枝又粗又长。【结论]普通杏种质资源的主要数量性状的变异较大，遗传多样性较丰富。

[Objective]Genetic resource evaluation is an important part of research work. Understanding and mastering the diversity of germplasm resources make a significant contribution to collection, manag- ment, exploration and utilization the resource. [Method]The 219 common apricot materials were evaluat- ed based on correlation analysis,principal component analysis （PCA）and cluster analysis. [Result]The variation coefficients of the traits assayed were from 15.7% to 42.2% ,among them soluble solid content presents the smallest coefficient of variation, while average fruit weight the largest. The correlation analy- sis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between average fruit weight and both leaf stalk length, leaf length and leaf width, and between soluble solid content and both soluble sugar content and vitamin C content, and there were significantly negative correlation between vitamin C content and branch diameter. The principal components analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of variance of the first four traits principal components accounted for 58.65%, the first one reflected leaf characters, the second branch characters, the third and the fourth fruit quality characters. The clustering results showed that the main trait of the first group is large leaf; the second one is better fruit quality but the average fruit weight is small; the third one is large average fruit group is large leaf and long, thick annual branches. weight; the fifth group is good fruit quality; the sixth [Conclusion]The main quantitative traits of common apricot germplasm resources in China have extensive variation with rich genetic diversity