草莓新品种‘晶玉’及其亲本果实挥发性香气成分分析

Analysis of volatile components in strawberry cultivars ‘Jingyu' and their parents

【目的】研究草莓的特征香味成分的异同和遗传趋势,为草莓的香味育种提供依据。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术对草莓品种‘晶玉’及其母本‘甜查理’和父本‘晶瑶’3个品种果实香气成分进行分析测定。【结果】‘晶玉’的挥发物质共有49种,香味物质有己酸甲酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸异丙基酯和丁酸丁酯等。‘甜查理’的挥发物质共51种,主要有丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁酸异丙基酯、N-己酸(反-2-己烯基)酯、橙花叔醇和5-己基二氢-2(3H)呋喃酮等;‘晶瑶’的挥发物质共54种,主要有丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、己酸乙酯、反式-2-已烯醛和橙花叔醇等。‘晶玉’中丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、己酸甲酯和己酸异戊酯受到父母本的共同影响。香味醇类中橙花叔醇在‘晶玉’和‘甜查理’中含量较高,沉香醇在‘晶玉’中含量最高。母本挥发物质中2-氨基-5-胍基戊酸和丁酸庚酯含量与‘晶玉’相当,父本中没有检测到这2种物质。(E)-丁酸-2-己烯基酯和乙酸反-2-己烯酯是‘晶玉’中独有的挥发物质。【结论】‘晶玉’是以‘晶瑶’为父本、‘甜查理’为母本杂交选育而成的草莓新品种,‘晶玉’中甲基酯含量的比例高于乙基酯,而父母本中刚好相反,其遗传了父母本酯类物质总量高的特征。

[Objective]The study was conducted to study the difference of aroma characteristics and genet- ic trends in strawberry so as to facilitate aroma breeding. [Method]Headspace solid-phase and micro-ex- traction combined with GC-MS （HS-SPME-GC-MS） were used to detect main aroma components in fruits of ＇Jingyu＇ cultivar and its female parent ＇Sweet Charlie＇ and male parent ＇Jingyao＇. [Result]5 l com- pounds were identified in ＇Jingyu＇ cultivar including methyl hexanoate, methyl butanoate, ethyl bu- tanoate, isopropyl butanoate and butyl butanoate. 49 volatiles were detected in fruits of ＇Sweet Charlie＇ cultivar including methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, butyl acetate, isopropyl butanoate, octyl bu- tanoate, nerolidol and dihydro-5-hexyl-2（3H）-furanone. ＇Jingyao＇ cultivar consisted of 54 volatiles in- cluding methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, butyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, trans-2-hexenal and neroli- dol. Content of methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate and isopentyl hexanoate in ＇ Jingyu＇ cultivar probably were affected by its parents. Higher nerolidol content was detected in ＇Jingyu＇ and ＇ Sweet Charlie＇, while linalool content in ＇ Jingyu＇ was the highest among all the test strawberry cultivars. The contents of 2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid and heptyl butanoate in ＇ Jingyu＇ were close to those in ＇Sweet Charlie＇, but these compounds were not detected in male parent ＇Jingyao＇. Trans-2-hexenyl ac-etate, trans-2-hexenyl butanoate and 2,3-heptanedione were detected only in ＇Jingyu＇ fruit. [Conclu- sion]Methyl esters content is higher than that of ethyl ester in ＇Jingyu＇ cultivar derived from the cross be- tween female parent ＇Sweet Charlie＇ and male parent ＇Jingyao＇, which is opposite to its parents. The Characteristic of high ester content in ＇Jingyu＇ was inherited from its parents.