P2X受体参与吗啡耐受机制的研究进展

The role of P2X receptors in morphine tolerance

背景长期使用吗啡会导致其镇痛效能减弱，发生吗啡耐受。目前对吗啡耐受发生机制的研究进行了数十年，也取得一定的进展。以往对吗啡耐受的研究主要集中在脊髓神经元及其递质相关的适应、敏化等神经机制。近来越来越多的学者开始关注胶质细胞及嘌呤受体在吗啡耐受中的作用。目的对嘌呤受体亚型P2X受体（P2X1-7）参与吗啡耐受的最新研究进展进行回顾和总结。内容介绍嘌呤受体及其分布，重点回顾了P2X受体7个亚型在吗啡耐受及神经病理性痛中的作用。趋向P2X受体在吗啡耐受及神经病理性痛的发生及发展中起着重要的作用。随着其进一步研究，将P2X受体作为一个分子治疗靶点，对揭示吗啡耐受的机制具有导向性的理论意义，同时可为临床上急慢性痛的治疗中防治吗啡耐受提供新的思路。

Background The analgesic potency of morphine degrades rapidly after repeated administration, which is known as morphine antinociceptive tolerance. Series of progress have been made towards illustrating the mechanisms underlying morphine antinociceptive tolerance, but the details still remains unknown. Most of the researches in the past years prevailingly focused on neuronal mechanisms of adaptation, sensitization, and so on. Recently, much attention has been paid to investigate the critical role of glia and purinergic recepters in morphine antinoeiceptive tolerance. Objective We summarize the research progress of P2X recepter a subtype of purinergic recepters in morphine antinociceptive tolerance in this review. Content We described the research history as well as distribution of purinerglc recepters, and reviewed respectively the role of 7 subtypes of P2X receptors in morphine tolerance. Trend The P2X recepters play a prominent role in morphine and neuropathic pain. Further studies will be helpful to illuminate the complicated mechanism of morphine tolerance and promote its clinical therapy.