教育电影还是左翼电影：20世纪30年代“左翼电影”研究再反思

Educational Film or Left-wing Film:Reflections on Studies of "Left-wing Films" in the 1930s

20世纪30年代真正意义上的"左翼电影",不仅与程季华等学者定义的"左翼电影"有别,而且与当时国民党提倡的"教育电影"有别。在国民党方面看来,20世纪30年代获得其推崇和褒奖的电影,并非"左翼电影",而是"教育电影"。作为两种政治属性截然不同的电影类型,"教育电影"与"左翼电影"可谓界限分明。尽管如此,在一些反映社会现实的影片中,"教育性"与"左翼性"的元素常常同时并存,使得它既可成为具备政治合法性的"教育电影",又可成为"左翼电影"。这导致国民党党政部门在给这些电影定性时出现混乱,在1933年的"浙省密报事件"和"艺华事件"中互相指责,并导致了国民党教育部、内政部电影检查委员会的改组与中央电影检查委员会的成立。但由于"左翼电影"的制作策略等原因,不管是教育部、内政部电影检查委员会,还是中央电影检查委员会,都对他们认定为"左翼电影"的电影,大多采取修剪而非禁映的措施。

The true 'left-wing films' of the 1930s were not only different from 'left-wing films' as defined by Cheng Jihua and other scholars,but also different from the 'educational films' advocated by the Guomindang.In the eyes of the Guomindang,the filnis it rewarded and respected in the 1930s were not 'left-wing films' but 'educational films.' As two types of film with entirely different political properties, 'educational films' and 'left-wing films' had clear boundaries.Nevertheless,the left-wing elements and educational elements always appeared simultaneously in some films that reflected social realities,making them both politically legitimate 'educational films' and 'left-wing films.' This led to chaos as the Guomindang's party administration departments tried to categorize these films,provoking inter-departmental recriminations in the 'Zhejiang Province Secret Report Incident' and the 'Yi Hua Incident' in 1933.It also led to the reorganization of the film censorship committees of the Guomindang Education and Interior Ministries and to the foundation of the Central Film Censorship Committee.However,for a number of reasons,including the production strategy behind the 'left-wing films,' the measures taken up by the Central Film Censorship Committee and the film censorship committees of the Education and Interior Ministries focused on cutting and revising films,rather than banning those films that they labeled as ' left-wing.'