噪声性听力损失患者普通话双音节词表测试结果分析

Analysis of Disyllabic Mandarin Speech Test Results of Persons with Noise-induced Hearing Loss

目的分析噪声性听力损失患者普通话言语测听材料中的双音节词汇表测试结果。方法57例噪声性听力损失患者（噪声组），按不同噪声作业工龄（≤10年、11～20年、≥21年）分成三组，按0．5、1、2、4kHz的平均听阈分为两组（A组≤30dBHL，B组〉30dBHL），66例听力正常人作为对照组，全部受试者均以普通话作为日常交流方式，采用9张双音节词汇表作为言语测试材料，分别测试各组的言语识别阈（SRT）和言语识别率与给声强度间的关系（P—I函数曲线）。结果噪声组各频率PTA和SRT均明显高于对照组，P—I函数曲线平均斜率为5．94％／dg，曲线明显右移。随着工龄的增加，不同噪声作业工龄组SRT值逐渐增高，以21年以上工龄组最为显著（P〈0．01）；噪声组B组SRT值（28．54±9．65dB HL）较A组（14．32±5．13dB HL）显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论噪声性听力损失患者言语识别阈提高，P—I函数曲线平均斜率下降，曲线右移，呈平缓型曲线，随着噪声作业工龄的延长和听力损失程度的加重，言语识别阈增高更显著。

Objective To analyze the test results of persons with noise-induced hearing loss using disyllabic Mandarin speech test materials （MSTMs）. Methods 57 subjects with noise-induced hearing loss （noise group） were divided into three groups aeeording to the duration of noise exposure： less than 10 years, between 11 and 20 years and more than 20 years, and also separated into 2 groups in terms of the degrees of hearing loss （group A： pure tone average thresholds of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz less than or equal to 30 dB HL, group B： pure tone average threshold of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz greater than 30 dB HL）. 66 subjects with normal hearing were in the control group. All the subjects enrolled in this study could speak Mandarin well in their daily life. Nine lists of disyllabic Mandarin speech test materials were utilized to test SRT and P-I function for these groups respeetively. Results PTA and SRT in the noise group were much higher than the control group, the average slope of P-I function was 5.94%/dB, and the curve of P-I function moved to the right side. SRT showed obvious changes as the increase of the years of noise exposure and especially in the group which had more than 20 years noise exposure （P〈0.01）. SRT of group B which had more hearing loss were greater than that of group A （P〈0.01）. Conclusion SRTs in the noise group are much higher than the control group with the average slope of P-I functions decreasing and the curve moving to the right side. As the years of noise exposure increase and the degrees of hearing loss become more severe, SRT rise more apparently.