小龄人工耳蜗植入儿童非鼻韵母发音研究

The Vowels Production by Children of 32 Months with Cochlear Implants

目的探讨小龄人工耳蜗植入儿童非鼻韵母的发音特点,为其听觉言语康复提供参考。方法选取30例平均年龄为32.65±5.97月的人工耳蜗植入儿童,以19个非鼻韵母为测试材料,根据发音正确率比较不同开口和不同结构非鼻韵母的发音难度,并分析发音错误的主要类型。结果①小龄人工耳蜗植入儿童非鼻韵母发音时,/a/、/e/最易,正确率≥90%;/üe/、/uai/、/ü/最难,正确率≤40%;②小龄人工耳蜗植入儿童不同开口非鼻韵母发音难度从易到难依次为:开口呼、齐齿呼、合口呼、撮口呼;不同结构非鼻韵母发音难度为中响韵母最难,单韵母、前响韵母、后响韵母难度相当;③小龄人工耳蜗植入儿童非鼻韵母发音时,主要存在高位元音鼻化、双或三元音缩减、双或三元音发音断裂及/o/、/ü/、/ai/易被替代等主要错误类型。结论小龄人工耳蜗植入儿童非鼻韵母发音时表现出非常明显的难度层次,在非鼻韵母构音矫治时,应遵循不同结构、不同开口非鼻韵母发音难度顺序及错误走向进行针对性训练。

Objective To analyze implanted children＇s production of vowels and to investigate the features of vowels production. Methods Thirty CI children averaged 32. 65±5.97 months were enrolled in this study. Using 19 Chinese vowels as test materials, accuracy rates were statistically analyzed to get the difficulty gradient and main error patterns. Results /a/ and/e/ were the easiest vowels and/üe/, /uai/, /ü/ were the most difficult vowels for CI children. From the mouth shape of vowels,the difficulty gradients from easy to difficult were open-mouths→e-yen-teeth→close-mouths → pursed-mouths. From the structures of vowels, triphthongs were the most diffi-culty, while single vowels and diphthongs shared the same difficulty level. High vowel＇s nasalization, the deletion of diphthongs and triphthongs, the separation of diphthongs and triphthongs and the substitution of/o/, /ü/, and/ai/ were the main error patterns. Conclusion The difficulty levels of vowels＇ production for CI children at average age of 31 months are rather obvious. Compared with aided children, they show some common developmental sequences and error patterns, but also reflect their own characteristics. When in vowel articulation therapy for little CI children, we should provide targeted training according to error patterns on the basis of following their sequences of difficulty level to fa- cilitate their efficiency.