长枝修剪对桃树生长和果实品质的影响

Influence of Long-Shoot Pruning on Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Peach

通过2009-2011年连续3年对桃树[Prunus persica（L.）Batsch.]品种金山早红（P.persica cv.Jinshanzaohong）、极早518（P.persica cv.Jizao 518）、锦绣（P.persica cv.Jinxiu）、1-21（P.persica cv.1-21）进行长枝修剪方式试验,对树体生长、结果枝比例、果实品质等进行了调查与测定,同时比较了差异显著性。结果表明,与传统修剪方式相比,长枝修剪后4个桃树品种的总结果枝量和总坐果数均明显增加,徒长性结果枝和长果枝数量大幅度上升,中果枝和短果枝数量略有减少,但未达到显著差异水平;其中金山早红、极早518、锦绣的整株坐果数可提高13%~43%;长果枝的坐果数显著提高,中果枝与短果枝的坐果数整体增加。在产量上,长枝修剪方式促进了单株产量和单果重的增加;而在果实品质方面,可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量却略有降低。

The experiment of long-shoot pruning was carried out in 3 continuous years from 2009 to 2011 on peach trees of Prunus persica（L.） Batsch.cv.Jinshanzaohong,P.persica cv.Jizao 518,P.persica cv.Jinxiu and P.persica cv.1-21.Tree growth,ratio of fruit bearing shoots and fruit quality were studied,and the significance of difference was compared.The results showed that compared with traditional pruning,the number of total branches and total flowers increased obviously;the overgrown fruit branches and long fruit branches increased obviously;number of medium fruit branches and short pod-branch decreased slightly,but not to significant level.The fruit setting numbers of whole plant of P.persica cv.Jinshanzaohong,P.persica cv.Jizao 518 and P.persica cv.Jinxiu were increased by 13% to 43%.The number of fruit setting on long fruit branches increased significantly,while on mid and short fruit branches increased in total.The yield per plant and weight of single fruit increased compared to traditional pruning.About fruit quality,the soluble solid content and titratable acidity content decreased slightly by long-shoot pruning.