老芒麦花粉活力和柱头可授性及授粉方式研究

Study on Pollen Viability,Stigma Receptivity and Pollination Methods of Elymus sibiricus

用TTC法测定了老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)花粉的活力,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定了其柱头的可授性;采用套袋方法,进行自花、异花授粉及开放授粉方式下单穗结实率统计,探讨老芒麦的授粉方式。结果表明,盛花期后相应天数的花粉活力是早熟老芒麦>中熟老芒麦>晚熟老芒麦;花粉活力从最高到无,早熟老芒麦可持续6 d,中熟老芒麦和晚熟老芒麦可持续5 d。3种熟性的老芒麦在盛花期开始后的前2 d柱头可授性强;早熟老芒麦和中熟老芒麦的柱头从盛花期第一天开始直至第10天均有可授性,晚熟老芒麦的柱头从盛花期第一天开始至第八天均有可授性,因此老芒麦的最佳授粉期在盛花期第一至二天。老芒麦为自花授粉植物,具有一定的天然杂交率。

In this study,the pollen viability of Elymus sibiricus was evaluated by TTC（2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride） test,and its stigma receptivity was estimated by benzidine-H2 O2 method.The pollination methods were discussed through the statistics of single ear setting percentage under self-pollination,cross-pollination and open pollination by bagging methods.The results showed that the pollen vitality of the Elymus sibiricus at corresponding date after full-bloom stage was sequenced by early maturing breeds,mid-maturing breeds,and late-maturing breeds.From the highest activity to zero of early maturing Elymus sibiricus could last for 6 days,and the medium maturing and late maturing breeds could last for 5 days.The stigima receptivity of the three maturing breeds at the first two days after full-bloom stage was the highest.The stigma of late-maturing had receptivity from the first day to the eighth day after full-bloom stage,early-maturing and midmaturing Elymus sibiricus had receptivity from the first day to the tenth day after full-bloom stage.It indicated that the best pollination period of Elymus sibiricus was at the first and the second day after full-bloom stage.The Elymus sibiricus was self-pollinator and had certain natural hybridization.