套种食用菌对茶园土壤和茶树生长的效应

Effects of Intercropping Stropharia Rugoso-annulata on Tea Garden Soil and Tea Growth

以福建红壤丘陵区1年生幼龄茶园生态系统为研究对象，通过连续4年的冬季茶株行间套种大球盖菇的田间小区对比试验，研究套种对茶园土壤环境及春茶萌发期、产量的影响。结果表明，幼龄茶园冬季套种大球盖菇、菌渣回田作有机肥这一茶园套种模式降低了土壤容重，提高土壤有机质、pH值、全氮、水解氮、速效钾的含量；对福建少雨、低温的越冬期茶园土壤具有明显的保水保温效果，0～20、20～40cm土层土壤含水量在10月至次年2月分别提高9．22％、6．11％，5、10、15、20cm土壤温度在12月至次年2月分别提高0．90、0．77、0．67、0．50℃；保证了幼龄茶树的安全越冬，与清耕茶园相比，春茶萌发期提早了4．3d，春茶产量提高了iI．0Voo。

Taking 1 year old young tea plantation in hilly region of red soil of Fujian as a case study, discussed the influences of soil environment of tea plantation and germination period and yield of spring tea compared with intercropping Stropharia Rugoso-annulata in open ground in tea field in 4-year continuous winter. The results indicated that intercropping and recycling fungi residue as fertilizer can lower down the bulk density and increase OM, pH, total N, hydrolysis N and available P of soil, and the effect of keeping water and temperature for soil was obvious in wintering period which was less rainy and lower temperature of Fujian region. The soil moisture raised up to 9.22%0, 6.11 ~//0 in 0--20cm, 20--40cm soil layers respectively during the period of October to February of the next year. The soil average temperature raised up to 0.9O℃, 0.77℃, 0.67℃, 0.50℃ in 5cm, 10era, 15cm, 20era soil layers respectively during the period of December to February of the next year. Intercropping also can ensure the safety of young tea tree in winter. Compared with clearing tillage tea plantation, intercropping Stropharia Rugoso- annulata had obvious advantages： 4.3days earlier in germination period, 11.1% more in yield production.