肥料氮素在土壤中的迁移转化及生物学效应研究进展

Progress on Migration and Transformation of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Soil and the Biological Effects

氮素作为作物生长必需的大量元素之一,其供应状况直接影响到农业增产增收。施用氮肥对农业生产的发展起着重要的作用,是提高粮食单位面积产量的重要措施之一。我国氮肥用量最多,但是由于施肥方法或农业管理措施的不当,导致氮素损失加剧,氮肥利用率较低,同时也带来了很多环境问题。氮肥在土壤中的迁移转化是直接原因。本文首先简要介绍氮素迁移转化过程,综述国内外肥料氮素迁移转化特征及其生物学响应的研究现状,然后对肥际微域这一特殊环境中氮素的迁移转化特征进行阐述,最后对未来的研究方向进行展望,为氮肥的优化利用提供理论参考。

Nitrogen is one of the necessary elements for crop growth, and its supply directly affects agricultural production. Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in the development of agricultural production, and is one of the important measures to improve grain yield. The amount of nitrogen fertilized in China is the most, but due to the fertilization method or improper agricultural management measures, nitrogen loss is increasing, and nitrogen utilization rate is low, which brings many environmental problems. The migration and transformation of nitrogen in soil is the direct cause. This paper firstly simply introduced the process of nitrogen migration and transformation, then summarized the research status home and abroad of migration and transformation characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer and biological responses, and then described the migration and transformation characteristics of fertilizer nitrogen in special environment of fertilizer micro-region. Finally the future research directions were discussed for providing a theoretical reference for nitrogen fertilizer optimal utilization.