茄子栽培种与水茄杂种无性系花粉发育及其对愈伤组织诱导的效应

Pollen development and anther callus induction in hybrid F_1 by Solamum torvum SW.(♂) × Solanum melongena L.(♀)

【目的】研究不同花粉发育时期及不同外植体接种前处理方法对愈伤组织诱导的效应，为茄子栽培种与水茄杂种无性系再生体系的建立奠定实践基础。【方法】以杂种无性系的花药为外植体，研究花蕾的外部形态与花粉发育时期的相关性；使用不同浓度的NaClO和 HgCl2对花蕾进行消毒，分别将外植体置于4 ℃和36 ℃下0、2、4、6、8 d，筛选最佳的花药发育时期、消毒方法及预处理方法。【结果】当花药长度在5.6-7.3 mm时，花药愈伤组织的诱导率最高，达32.5%，此时的小孢处于单核中晚期；70%酒精消毒30 s后，再用5% NaClO＋两滴吐温-20消毒15 min，污染率为4.0%，死亡率为4.0%；高温预处理6 d可显著提高花药愈伤组织诱导率。【结论】花蕾长度8.3-10.5 mm，花药长度5.6-7.3 mm，使用70%酒精处理30 s后用5% NaClO＋两滴吐温-20消毒15 min的消毒方法及36 ℃处理6 d的愈伤诱导效应最好。

【Objective】The study explored the effects of different periods of pollen development and different explant pretreatment methods before innoculation to lay base for establishing the regeneration system of F1 clone of Solamum torvum （♂） × Solanum melongena（♀）. 【Method】Using hybridal clone anther as explant, the relation between external form of flower bud and pollen development period was studied. The flower buds were disinfected at different concentrations of NaClO and HgCl2. The explants were placed at 4 ℃ and 36 ℃ for 2, 4, 6 and 8 d. The optimal pollen development period, disinfection and pretreatment methods were screened out. 【Result】The callus induction rate was the highest of 32.5% when the anther length was 5.6-7.3 mm and the microspore was at the middle and late uninucleate stage. The best disinfection treatment for F1 generation bud was firstly using 70% alcohol for 30s, then using 5% NaClO and 2 drops of Tween-20 for 15min, with the contamination rate of 4% and the browning rate of 4%. High-temperature pretreatment for 6d could markedly improve pollen callus induction rate. 【Conclusion】The best medium for initiation was anther length of 5.6-7.3 mm, flower bud length of 8.3-10.5 mm and using 70% alcohol for 30s, then using 5%NaClO and 2 drops of Tween-20 for 15 min and high-temperature pretreatment at 36 ℃ for 6d.