中国木薯种茎越冬贮藏区域划分及其安全贮藏方法

Overwintering safe storage methods and region division of seedstem of cassava in China

【目的】研究中国木薯种植不同区域气候特点及其木薯种茎越冬贮藏方法，为我国木薯产业的可持续发展提供保障。【方法】在广西合浦、南宁、来宾及湖南、浙江等地，于入冬前采用活体田间保存，或离体露天堆放、地埋堆放、大棚内堆放等方法贮藏木薯种茎越冬，开春后检查存活的木薯种茎芽点数量，计算不同方法贮藏木薯种茎越冬的芽点存活率。【结果】在广西合浦地区采用露天堆放贮藏木薯种茎越冬，其芽点存活率均在90.00%以上，其中以露天浅埋堆放的种茎芽存活率最高，达94.38%；在广西南宁地区以塑料大棚堆放贮藏的木薯种茎芽点存活率最高，达94.98%；在广西来宾地区以大棚内存放木薯种茎越冬，其芽点存活率几乎都在89.60%以上，其中大棚内盖蔗叶横放地埋处理的木薯种茎芽点存活率最高，达98.79%；在湖南江永、浙江杭州采用设施化保护性越冬贮藏木薯种茎芽点存活率较高。【结论】中国木薯种茎越冬贮藏，北纬21.6°以南地区的无霜区（广东茂名—广西合浦—云南景洪以南）可采用露天浅埋堆放和盖膜堆放的方法贮藏；北纬21.6°-23.8°地区轻霜至重霜边缘区（广东清源—广西来宾—云南临沧以南）可采用塑料大棚、露天盖膜堆放及大棚内地埋竖放等方法贮藏；北纬23.8°以北的重霜和低温区（广东清源—广西来宾—云南临沧以北至湖南、江西、浙江等省）可采用防寒性岩洞或地窖贮藏法及塑料大棚加小拱棚竖直堆放法贮藏。

【Objective】Regional climate characteristics in China cassava planting areas and cassava overwintering storage methods were studied to provide technical guidance for sustainable development of cassava industry in China. 【Method】Methods of in vivo field preservation, in vitro piled up in the open air, underground storage, greenhouse stacking, and so on, were used for seed-stem storage for winter in Hepu, Nanning, Laibin of Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang Province, and so on. The number of survival buds was checked up after the beginning of spring, and the bud survival rate under different storage methods was calculated. 【Result】The bud survival rate of seed-stem piled up in the open air could reach more than 90% in Hepu region, and seed-stem of shallow burial in the open air attained the highest survival rate （94.38%）. The bud survival rate under the greenhouse stacking in Nanning was the highest （94.98%）. In Laibin, the bud survival rate of greenhouse storage reached over 89.60%, in particular, the bud survival rate under underground horizontal placement covered with sugarcane leaves was the highest （98.79%）. In Jiangyong of Hunan and Hangzhou of Zhejiang, the bud survival rate was relatively higher under overwintering equipment conservation methods. 【Conclusion】Chinese cassava stem overwintering storage, south of 21.6°N region where is frost-free area（south of Maoming in Guangdong, Hepu in Guangxi, Jinghong in Yunnan）, the methods of air storage shallowly buried and air storage covered by film could be used. Region of light to heavy frost edge area from 21.6°N to 23.8°N （south of Qingyuan in Guangdong, Laibin in Guangxi, Lincang in Yunnan）, the methods of plastic shed, air storage covered by film and plastic shed vertical stacked storage could be used. North of 23.8°N heavy frost and cold zone （from Qingyuan in Guangdong, Laibin in Guangxi, Lincang in Yunnan to Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces）, warm caves, cellar storage, and vertical stacked storage in small arch shed and plastic greenhouse could be used.