不同复混肥对木薯品质性状及产量的影响

Effects of different compound fertilizers on quality characteristics and yield of cassava

【目的】探讨不同复混肥对木薯生物学性状及产量、淀粉含量的影响,为木薯大田生产中施用复混肥提供参考。【方法】采用随机区组设计进行田间试验,设6种不同复混肥料处理,另设不施肥作对照处理。测定不同处理木薯株高、茎粗、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量。【结果】与不施肥处理对比,施用禾中王木薯壮根膨大复混肥处理能显著增加木薯生长后期的茎粗(P<0.05,下同),其余施肥处理对木薯的株高和茎粗影响不显著(P>0.05);6种复混肥处理的木薯鲜薯产量均有提高,其中施用绿先机木薯专用肥和桂绿木薯专用肥处理增产显著;施肥处理均降低了块根淀粉含量,其中施用禾中王木薯壮根膨大复混肥处理的淀粉含量显著降低;除施用禾中王木薯壮根膨大复混肥处理外,其余施肥处理木薯淀粉产量均有增加;除南风木薯专用肥外,其他5种复混肥均可增收,其中桂绿木薯专用肥增收最高,绿先机木薯专用肥次之。综合比较,桂绿木薯专用肥的效果最好,鲜薯增产6310 kg/ha,增产25.2%,淀粉增产16.7%,增收2735元/ha;其次为绿先机木薯专用肥,鲜薯增产5533 kg/ha,增产22.1%,淀粉增产13.6%,增收1873元/ha。【结论】木薯复混肥均有利于木薯的生长及产量的提高,且以桂绿木薯专用肥最好,其次为绿先机木薯专用肥。

【Objective】The effects of different compound fertilizers on cassava biology properties, yield and starch content were studied to provide references for producing compound fertilizer suitable for cassava field. 【Method】Randomized block design was used for field experiment. Plant height,stem diameter, fresh root yield and starch content were tested in 7 treatments including 6 kinds of compound fertilizers and the control（no fertilizer application）. 【Result】Compared to the control, Hezhongwang root expansion compound fertilizer markedly increased stem diameter at the later growth stage （P〈0.05,the same below）, while other fertilizers had no obvious effects on plant height or stem diameter. Fresh root yield was increased after fertilizer application with Lüxianji and Guilü cassava fertilizer being the best. The starch content was decreased after 6 kinds of compound fertilizer application,and starch content of Hezhongwang root expansion compound fertilizer was most significantly decreased. The starch yield of 6 kinds of fertilizer application was increased except Hezhongwang root expansion compound fertilizer. The income of cassava planting was increased after fertilizer application except Nanfeng cassava fertilizer. Guilü cassava fertilizer followed by Lüxianji brought most income. Generally speaking, the effects of Guilü cassava fertilizer were the best with fresh root increment of 6310 kg/ha （25.2%）, starch yield increment of 16.7%, and income increment of 2735 yuan/ha. The second best was Lüxianji cassava fertilizer with fresh root increment of 5533 kg/ha （22.1%）, starch yield increment of 13.6%, and income increment of 1873 yuan/ha. 【Conclusion】All compound fertilizers are beneficial for cassava growing and yield increase. Guilü and Lüxianji were the top two best.