梅州市土地利用变化及生态环境效应分析

Analysis of land use change and its eco-environmental effect in Meizhou City

【目的】分析1999-2008年广东省梅州市土地利用变化情况及其生态环境效应，为梅州市土地资源可持续利用提供科学依据。【方法】运用土地利用结构变化、土地利用程度变化和土地利用多样化指数对梅州市土地利用变化进行分析，运用区域生态环境质量指数和生态环境变化强度指数对梅州市土地利用变化所产生的生态效应进行分析。【结果】梅州市土地利用以农用地为主，其中林地所占比例最大（＞70%），建设用地的增加主要是居民点及工矿用地的增加；梅州市土地利用程度变化量和土地利用程度变化率分别为-0.64和-0.29%，土地利用类型多样化指数呈现明显的空间差异，并与梅州市经济和地形地貌的空间差异保持良好的一致性；梅州市生态环境质量指数从1999年的0.570上升到2008年的0.595。【结论】1999-2008年梅州市土地利用以农用地为主，土地利用的空间差异明显，土地利用正处于调整期，生态环境质量指数总体呈现上升趋势。

【Objective】Land use change of Meizhou City in Guangdong Province and its ecological and environmental effects in 1999-2008 were studied to provide scientific references for the sustainable utilization of land resources in Meizhou City. 【Method】The land use change of Meizhou City was analyzed using the index of structural change, land use degree change and land use diversity. The ecological effects of land use change of Meizhou City were analyzed using regional ecological environment quality index and ecological environment change intensity index. 【Result】Agricultural land was the dominant land type in Meizhou City with woodland accounting for the largest proportion （〉70%）. The increase of the construction land was mainly residential and industrial land increase. The degree of land use change in Meizhou City and the extent of land use change rate was -0.64 and -0.29%. Land use diversity index presented obvious spatial differences and accorded with economic and terrain differences. Eco-environmental quality index in Meizhou rose from 0.570 in 1999 to 0.595 in 2008. 【Conclusion】Meizhou City land use is mainly agricultural land. Land use showed evident spatial differences. Land use is in a period of adjustment now. Ecological environment quality index exhibited a rising trend during the research duration.