南京颜料坊出土六朝墨书瓷器分析

Six Dynasties Porcelain Inscribed in Ink Excavated at Yanliaofang in Nanjing

南京城南颜料坊工地近年出土的六朝墨书瓷器总计92件。迄今为止,在六朝建康城遗址考古发掘中,出土墨书瓷器数量最多、最为重要的地点,可以推考为六朝时期秦淮河岸四航之一的竹格航。根据层位关系以及器物的造型、装饰特点等,这批墨书瓷器分属孙吴西晋、东晋、南朝三个时期。其器类仅见钵、盏、盘,墨书最少者只有1字,最多达40余字,一般书写于外底露胎处。其字迹大多清晰可辨,所见书体不一,反映了当时都城普通民众书法之面貌。墨书内容大体可分6类:姓名类、器名类、器物用途类、吉语类、符号类、记事类,其中以标明器物所属关系占大宗,目的是为了将容易混淆的个人生活用品区分开来,从而达到卫生的要求。墨书中的"塸(区)"乃六朝时期钵类器之本名,"共食""众食"则与佛教斋仪有关。六朝墨书瓷器或受汉代墨书陶器及漆器上的物主标记影响,与宋元以降的同类器有着一脉相承的关系。根据目前的材料,还难以得出六朝墨书瓷器曾经直接影响日本的结论。

Most of the porcelain vessels inscribed in ink from the former Jiankang city of the Six Dynasties are excavated at Yanliaofang in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, where Zhugehang, one of the four floating bridges on the Qinhuai river during the Six Dynasties, was possibly located. A large number of these ink inscriptions, which fall into six categories, identify the ownership of the object. The characters ＂~1~＂ and ＂2＂ were used in those days to refer to bo [~f~]; ＂~d^v, ＂~＇＂ and ＂~＇~＇＂ [eating in a group] may be related to Buddhist fasting rites. These objects were probably influenced by Han dynasty pottery and lacquer vessels with inscriptions. Similar inscriptions can be found on porcelain vessels from the Song and Yuan dynasties. At present, no evidence shows that Six Dynasties porcelain with ink inscriptions had direct influence on Japanese inscribed pottery.