吐鲁番眼笼考

Eyeshades Found in Turpan

中原文化的西播,经历了很长的历史时期,具有深厚的累积。古代吐鲁番等地虽为多民族共处,但是汉文化起着主导地位,在丧葬习俗得到了充分体现。吐鲁番文献多次提到眼龙、金银眼龙,对照实物,知道它是一种金属眼罩。它用金属皮钻孔,透过微孔观察外面世界,并以布帛包边,系布带挂固定在眼睛位置,或者缝在面衣上。铜眼笼制作精细,铅眼龙粗糙简陋,前者为实用器,后者为明器。关于眼龙的来源,前苏联Е·И·鲁伯-列斯尼契科认为是出于中央亚细亚的传统,学术界基本认可这种说法。我认为汉民为应付西北寒冷、干热、风沙的气候,受多孔甑箅启发,发明了金属眼笼。这点可以从古代墓葬中大量出土的甑箅得到证实。研究复杂文化背景的遗存,需要充分挖掘各种因素,才能得到全面、客观的结论。

The westward spreading of the Central Plains culture was a long process. The Han culture had strong influence in the ancient Turpan areas, which was home to various ethnic communities, as evidenced in mianyi and eyeshades excavated from local burials. Mianyi, a fabric visor worn to prevent from cold, wind and dust, was introduced to the northwest regions during the Han dynasty, while metal eyeshades were inspired by steaming grids. The author stresses that researchers must take into consideration different factors when studying relics under complicated cultural context.