最早的革命根据地公债券实物——湘鄂西省苏维埃政府水利借券

Water Conservancy Bonds of West Hunan-Hubei Soviet Government:The Earliest Evidence of Base Area Government Bonds

新民主主义革命时期,各革命根据地政府根据不同需要,先后发行了60余种公债券,以信用形式向人民群众举债。湘鄂西省苏维埃政府水利借券是目前所收集到的根据地最早发行的公债券实物。1931年入夏之后,全国遭遇了数十年罕遇的洪灾。由于国民党军阀连年混战,政府无暇顾及河湖堤垸的修整,造成堤坝年久失修。湘鄂西革命根据地大面积地区受灾,民众生产和生活极其困难。洪灾过后,为了救济灾荒、恢复生产、巩固政权,湘鄂西省苏维埃政府开展了一系列大规模的修堤运动,并专门发行了30万元的水利借券,以补充修复溃毁堤坝所需的经费。同时,通过各项决议案来大力鼓动推销水利借券。在当时根据地损失惨重、内忧外患的情况下,水利借券对于苏维埃政府筹集水利资金、恢复生产建设发挥了重要作用。本文结合中国国家博物馆藏券特征以及相关史实资料,对此种公债券的发行略作考述。

During new-democratic revolution, more than sixty types of bonds were issued by governments in base areas for various purposes. Water conservancy bonds issued by the West Hunan-Hubei Soviet Government are the earliest surviving evidence. Issued after the floods in 1931 for re-embankment project, they contributed greatly to fund raising for water conservancy projects and restoration. This paper is a study of a certificate of such water conservancy bonds in the National Museum of China.