天然免疫限制因子Tetherin的抗病毒机理研究进展

Antiviral Activity of The Host Restriction Factor Tetherin

天然免疫限制因子Tetherin(骨髓基质细胞抗原2)是Ⅰ型干扰素诱导产生的Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白.Tetherin通过其特殊的拓扑结构,在病毒出芽过程中将病毒粒子连接在细胞膜表面,限制病毒的有效释放,从而发挥广谱性的抗病毒活性,而病毒也可以通过多种策略拮抗Tetherin的抗病毒活性.病毒与宿主长期抗争进化的结果表现为病毒特定拮抗蛋白对抗不同种属细胞Tetherin的限制存在种属特异性.本文通过对Tetherin的分子结构、抗病毒活性及其拮抗蛋白的对抗机制等最新进展进行综述,为研究病毒与宿主相互作用的分子机制以及新型抗病毒药物的筛选提供借鉴.

The host restriction factor Tetherin is an interferon-inducible type 11 membrane glycoprotein, and plays a vital role in retroviral life cycle. The unusual topology of Tetherin is important for its antiviral activity. Tetherin restricts viral replication by inhibiting enveloped virus release from the surface of infected cells. However, viruses have evolved different strategies to antagonize the antiviral action of Tetherin. The interaction between Tethefin and its antagonist is species-specific which evidenced a long term co-evolution during the fighting history between host and viruses. In this review, we focus on the current advances in our understanding of the molecular structure and antiviral activity of Tetherin, as well as the mechanism used to conteract Tetherin by its antagonists.