三种常见介入诊疗中机房内的辐射场分布

Radiation field distribution within the room for three commonly-used interventional procedures

目的测试3种常见介入诊疗中机房内的辐射场分布，为介入放射工作人员的防护和安全操作提供基础数据。方法在介入诊疗床周围的水平面和介入放射工作人员经常停留区域的立面，选择不同的点放置热释光剂量计，根据选定的实验条件分组照射，结束后将热释光剂量计带回实验室测量并计算辐射场剂量。结果相同位置的数据大部分符合心血管介入诊疗〉脑血管介入诊疗〉肝脏介入诊疗；同种介入诊疗在相同位置的剂量大都符合高剂量组〉中剂量组〉低剂量组，该结果与有用线束剂量大小一致，与透视时间的长短成正比。个别不符合以上规律的数据存在测量误差或实验偏差。结论肝脏和脑血管介入诊疗时，辐射剂量相对较低，3m以外的辐射剂量基本可以忽略。心血管介入诊疗时，离x射线管中心点越远，剂量降低越多。辐射场中术者、第一助手和第二助手站立处的剂量较高，患者的头端、足端方向剂量较低。

Objective To detect the radiation field distribution within the room for three commonly-used interventional procedures, in order to provide basic data for the radiation protection and safe operation of staff involved in interventional radiology. Methods The thermoluminescent dosemeters （TLDs） were placed in different points on the horizontal plane around the interventional table and the vertical plane where the staff often stayed. Based on the selected experimental conditions, the TLDs were grouped to be irradiated. After the experiment, the TLDs were measured in the laboratory to calculate the doses of radiation field. Results Data obtained at the same position followed basically as cardiovascular intervention 〉 cerebrovascular intervention 〉 liver intervention. Intervention of same type at the same position followed as high-dose group 〉 mid-dose group 〉 low-dose group. These results were consistent with the useful beam doses, and proportional to the fluoroscopy time. A few data with exception were due to measurement error or experimental error. Conclusions Cerebrovascular and liver interventional procedures resulted in the relatively low radiation doses. The radiation doses at the distance of more than 3 m can be negligible. For cardiovascular interventional procedure, with the decrease of the distance from the X-ray tube, the dose decreased. In the radiation field, the operator, the first assistant and second assistant would exposed to higher dose on the standing points while patients receive lower doses in the head and feet direction.