铝基金属复合材料在干摩擦条件下的抗磨损性能的研究进展

Research development of wear resistance of aluminum matrix composites under the condition of dry sliding friction

铝基复合材料具有密度小、强度高、成本低等优点,通过加入或原位合成陶瓷颗粒,如SiC、Al2O3等,可不同程度地提高铝基材料的抗摩擦磨损性能,同时使铝基摩擦材料具有高的比强度。铝基材料的抗摩擦磨损性能不仅与加入陶瓷颗粒的种类、大小、含量有关,还与摩擦磨损条件,如外加载荷、滑动速度、摩擦温度、机械混合层厚度等有关。本文综述了近几十年来通过加入或原位合成不同种类的陶瓷颗粒、热处理、细化基体晶粒等不同方法提高铝基材料在干摩擦条件下的抗摩擦磨损性能的研究进展,并对有关铝基材料在抗磨损性能方面的理论研究进行了探讨。

Aluminum matrix composites （AMC） have got great attractions of researches for their low density, high strength and low cost. Wear resistance of aluminum matrix composites can be improved through adding or. in situ synthesizing ceramic particles such as silicon carbide, alumina etc, so the AMC as metal matrix friction composites has advantage of high specific strength. Wear resistance of aluminum matrix composites is not only related to variety, size, content of ceramic particles, but also related to load, sliding velocity, temperature, thickness of mechanical mixed layer etc. Research development of improving wear resistance of AMC under the condition of dry sliding friction through methods of adding or in situ synthesizing different ceramic particles, heat treatment, refining matrix grain in recent decades was summarized, and theoretical research of wear resistance of AMC was discussed.