南京国民政府早期的劳工福利政策--以20世纪二三十年代的广州劳工住所为例

The policy on labors' welfare during the early stage of the Nanjing Government of the Republic of China——through the housing condition of labors at Guangzhou in 1920- 1930s

劳工住宅是劳工福利最基本的内容。南京国民政府成立后,以孙中山民生主义为旗号,借鉴西方劳工住宅建筑经验,开始对劳工住宅问题予以关注,并通令各省财政拨款建筑平民住所。从1929年至1937年,广州市政府根据南京国民政府的训令,结合本市的实际情况分别建成平民宫、平民宿舍、劳工住宅、劳工安集所等不同类型的劳工住所,在一定程度上解决了部分劳工的住宿困难。但广州市政府的劳工住所建筑,计划有余落实不足,偏重形式,条件简陋,管理苛严,没有普惠大众,更不可能从根本上解救广大劳工于水深火热之中。

The housing condition is the basis of labors' welfare. In the name of Three People's Principles of Sun Yat-sen,the issue of labors' housing condition raised the attention after the Nanjing Government of the Republic of China had been established. Drawing on the experiences of western countries,special appropriation was man- dated for the building of civilian accommodation in each province. From 1929 to 1937,Guangzhou government had established various types of the labors' housing such as the dormitory and the con- centration camp etc.,according to the instruction of the Nanjing Government of the Republic of Chi- na with the consideration of local situation,which to certain extent lessened the accommodating prob- lem for some labors. But as the ideal plan unsatis- factorily fulfilled with the obvious hint of appease- ment,as well as the meager condition and the cru- el management of the labors' housing,the masses didn't benefit from the project which had actually become the mere formality and the dire suffering of the labors was not relieved.