城市化、环境污染与居民主观幸福感--来自中国的经验证据

Urbanization,Environmental Pollution and Subjective Well-being:An Empirical Study on China

本文利用中国综合社会调查数据评估了环境污染对我国城市居民主观幸福感的影响。首先,居民的工作环境和居住环境对他们的主观幸福感有重要的影响。在工作中不得不把自己弄得很脏的居民感到不太幸福,居住在工矿区、老城区等社区的居民感到不太幸福。空气污染显著地降低了居民的主观幸福感,居住在二氧化硫排放量、烟尘排放量以及建筑和拆迁扬尘产生量较高地区的居民更不幸福。其次,目前我国东部地区居民的主观幸福感受环境污染的影响较大,而其对中西部地区居民幸福感的影响尚不显著。最后,环境污染的不公平性问题在我国暂不存在,空气污染对不同年龄、教育水平和社会经济地位的人群幸福感的影响度没有太大差异。减轻环境污染不仅有利于提高居民的主观幸福感,还能有效缓解我国的社会不平等问题。

In this paper, we use the China General Social Survey data to analyze the relationship between environmental pollution and residents＂ subjective well-being in China; Firstly, work environment and living environment affect residents＂ happiness ; people who work or live in better environment feel happier. The resuhs also show that air pollution has signifi- cantly negative effects on residents＇happiness. To be specific, the residents who live in the very polluted areas feel un- happy. Air pollution affects only east residents＂ happiness; the effect in middle and west is insignificant. Environmental injustice does not exist in China, the age, education and income of residents dont affect the relationship between pollution and happiness. Pollution abatement can improve residents＂ happiness and remit the social inequality.