国家、通道与市镇:历史时期贵州的对外交通与市镇分布

Countries,Corridor and Towns: External Channel and Towns' Distribution of Guizhou in Different Historical Periods

作为西南腹地的"贵州"是历代王朝经营西南时不可忽视的区域。秦汉时期,巴蜀为中国经济核心区之一,由此,国家在民间商道的基础上,构筑了由巴蜀经贵州到岭南的"通道"。唐宋时期,国家对西南的经营更多地采取经济手段,宋代"广西买马路"即是以广西为基地,通过贵州与大理、吐蕃买马所形成的国家主导下的商道。明代,为建立国家整体防御体系,在湖南经贵州到云南的"一线路"沿线,建立了卫所,并在贵州设置最高行政区——省,以此来维护此"通道"。清代贵州在"一线路"沿线形成了市镇带,并向贵州非汉族群渗透,以上这些对外交通与市场网络将贵州纳入全国乃至世界市场体系之中。

Guizhou Province, as the hinterland of Southwest China, can never be ignored when Southwest China was under jurisdiction of all dynasties. Thanks to Sichuan＇ s role as Chinag economic core region in Qin and Han Dy- nasties, on the basis of folk commercial road, the central government constructed the ＂corridor＂ starting from Si- chuan, through Guizhou to Lingnan. In Tang and Song dynasties, more economic measures were adopted in Southwest China. The ＂Horse Purchasing Route＂ in Song dynasty was a government - oriented commercial route, with Guangxi as the base for horse market, for purchasing horses in Guizhou, Dali, and Tubo. In Ming Dynasty, garrisons were built along the road from Guizhou to Yunnan as the national defense system, and the supreme administrative region -- province was established to safeguard it. In Qing Dynasty, ＂A Belt of Commercial Towns＂ formed along the road of Guizhou, penetrating into the local non - Hart groups. These external transports and the market network involved Guizhou into the market system at home and even abroad.