离子液体对高等植物的毒性及其生物降解性研究综述

Review of higher plant toxicity and biodegradation of ionic liquid

离子液体作为新型绿色溶剂存在一定的毒性,降解不完全将对环境造成巨大的危害.关于离子液体对高等植物的毒性方面的研究主要集中在其对植物种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响2个方面.常见的咪唑或者吡啶类的离子液体的生物降解性都不理想;氨基酸离子液体由于具有生物降解性、低毒性及高生物相容性而成为新型离子液体的开发方向.深入研究吡啶类、季铵盐、季磷盐等离子液体对高等植物的毒性,探究离子液体对植物生命周期的影响,设计易生物降解的离子液体,通过基因工程等筛选出能够降解离子液体的优势微生物,构建全面的离子液体毒性和生物降解性的构效关系模型等,将是今后要加强的研究内容.

As the green solvent, ionic liquids have certain toxicity, and it＇s incompleted degradation will cause huge damage to the environment. The study of ionic liquids toxicity to the higher plants focused on its impact on seed germination and seedling growth. The biodegradablity of imidazole and pyridine ionic liq- uids are not ideal; amino ionic liquids with biodegradability, low toxicity and high biocompatibility will be- come new research direction. Exploring the impact of ionic liquids on plant life cycle, designing readily bio- degradable ionic liquids, screening dominant bacteria that have high degrading effect to ionic liquids through genetic engineering and building a gradability, will be the main studies in the comprehensive QSAR models of ionic liquid toxicity and biode- future.